External stimulations and regulators​ 

In our group, we also focused on the formation of muscle tissue in different scales from micro to macro, where bioreactors and external stimuli are in charge of supporting the formation of functional muscle tissue. We analyzed the spatiotemporal cell response in terms of viability, changing the morphology, and gene expression after applying chemomechanical and electromechanical signals on muscle and neuronal cells as well as mesenchymal stem cells. Furthermore, we designed and used various types of bioreactors to mimic the in vivo condition simulating temperature, dynamic flow, and mechanical loading on cultivated cells.

Related papers:
 

• C. Müller, M. Trujillo-Miranda, M. Maier, D. E Heath, A. O'Connor, S. Salehi*, Effects of External Stimulators on Engineered Skeletal Muscle Tissue Maturation, Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 8, 2001167. (Mueller et al. 2021) I.
  
  
• Apsite, J. Manuel Uribe, A. Fernando Posada, S. Rosenfeldt, S. Salehi*, L. Ionov*, 4D biofabrication of skeletal muscle microtissues, Biofabrication 2020, 12, 015016. (Apsite et al. 2019)
  
  
• K. Koeck#, S. Salehi#, M. Humenik, T. Scheibel, Processing of Continuous Non-Crosslinked Collagen Fibers for Microtissue Formation at the Tendon-Muscle Interface. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 2112238.  (#co-first author) (Koeck et al. 2021) 
  
  
• R. Banan Sadeghian, M. Ebrahimi, S. Salehi, Electrical Stimulation of Microengineered Skeletal Muscle Tissue: Effect of Stimulus Parameters on Myotube Contractility and Maturation. J Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2018, 12(4):912-922.
  
  
• S. Ostrovidov, M. Ebrahimi, H. Bae, H. K. Nguyen, S. Salehi, S. Bok Kim, A. Kumatani, T. Matsue, X. Shi, K. Nakajima, S. Hidema, M. Osanai, A. Khademhosseini, Gelatin- Polyaniline Composite Nanofibers Enhanced Excitation/ Contraction Coupling System Maturation in Myotubes, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9 (49), 42444–42458.
  
  
• A. Rita Pereira, A. Lipphaus, M. Ergin, S. Salehi, D. Gehweiler, M. Rudert, J. Hansmann, M. Herrmann, Modeling of the human bone environment: mechanical stimuli guide mesenchymal stem cells-extracellular matrix interactions, Materials 2021, 14(16), 4431.
  
  
• M. Gensler, A. Leikeim, M. Möllmann, M. Komma, S. Heid, C. Müller, A. R. Boccaccini, S. Salehi, F. Groeber-Becker, J. Hansmann, 3D printing of bioreactors in tissue engineering: A generalised approach, PLOS ONE 2020 15(11): e0242615.